At the end of Part 1 of this article, issue #3 of "The New Frontier" we see this graphic representation of the mysterious Centre and our first concrete sense that this is an ancient and powerful entity of a Lovecraftian nature, presented in an astronomical context, causing mass delusions, and somehow related to Dinosaur Island. The Centre, overtly here, is some form of Stargate, and clearly placed in association with the concept of Age Shift in more then one way. We can see how this format, the X in a circle, is a map of the Four Ages, the same as the Doomsday Clock, and the Tetramorph, the Four Corners and the Center. There is also a similarity between this graphic and the Map of Oz, very fascinating to find the tetramorphic pattern of spatial order as the geography of the quintessentially American presentation of the Other World, pun intended.
I happened to notice since writing part one of this article that in the animation the casino where the Flash fights Captain Cold, while faithfully reproduced, down to the room number Flash jumps from, is renamed, from Utopia to Zenith. I'm not sure why this change might have been made, save that Zenith has the potential to confer a similar meaning as Utopia, in a less overt manner.
Issue #4 - "Mystery In Space"
Chapter Eight - "Government Issues"
In Central City, 1958, the Flash responds to a sighting of his enemy Gorilla Grodd. Part of the downside to super speed as a power is a tendency to act before thinking, especially as presented here in the early years of Barry Allen's career. Flash attacks Grodd, but receives a debilitating shock, because this is a false-Grodd, a robot deployed by King Faraday and Argent as a trap to draw out the Flash. The Flash is then gassed and netted. He is a fair target as a masked vigilante operating in violation of federal law, and Argent is interested in studying his abilities. Faraday states that the Flash will have a cell next door to Rex Tyler, the secret identity of Hourman, whom we were previously led to believe had died. This is the only mention of this in the series. Luckily the Flash is able to vibrate his molecules into an intangible state, allowing him to escape rendition.
In Gotham, John Jones is brought in to interrogate a raving man arrested for killing a cop, and whose mother's body was found in the trunk of his car. The man, Harry, claims to be an employee of Ferris Aircraft and states he's seen evidence of a Martian presence on Earth and the plans for the Mars Mission. Faraday and Marie come to collect Harry. When Jones shakes Faraday's hand his telepathy informs him that the story is true. In California Hal Jordan, Rick Flag and Task Force X train for the Mars Mission. Their clash of wills leads Flag to fire Jordan from the crew.
In Tennessee, John Henry is caught by the Klan and burned alive. In an Edward R. Murrow report on the event we learn how John Wilson was driven to his mission when on March 17th his house was burned to the ground, killing his wife and child. The crime was blamed on Wilson but it was obviously the work of the Klan. Cooke, expressing an interest in including an African American super hero in the pre-Civil Rights era, used the template of the Iron Age Superman character Steel/John Henry Irons. Making him an anti-Klansman, Cooke made the white hood black and added the noose as the character's symbol of surviving his lynching, clearly a resurrection motif as well as indicating the sacrificial figure of the Hanged Man. His assumed identity is that of effigy, and so his end as it comes is truly inevitable. The character is a sacrifice to the gap between Eisenhower-era America's promise and its reality. We might also note the high similarity between the costume of John Henry and the "Watchmen" character Hooded Justice.
Here's the esoteric pin-up pic for 1958. Following her dismissal from government service Wonder Woman has returned to the idyllic life amongst the Secret Society of Amazons of Paradise Island. I find this to be a Key image, mostly as it is clearly labeled as such. Amidst Gold and Apples, the goddess figure reclines like Landscape. Engaged in study, she offers the viewer a crystal Chalice with just enough wine for Sacrament. Statuary denotes the residence of this true Utopia as conversant in the Language of the Birds. Subtly, draped across her hips, a golden chain forms a pyramid topped by solar medallion. Here comes the Sun.
Up in the sky, Superman arrives. As men are not allowed to set foot on Paradise Island, Wonder Woman flies up to meet him. He asks why she left and she informs him that she did not retire but was dismissed because her belief system differed from that of the administration. Naive Superman doesn't understand why they would dismiss a champion of the people. Wonder Woman enlightens him.
This is an initiation scene as a Sovereignty figure directs a solar hero to a higher purpose. In the animation this moment is lost, but the essence of the conversation is adapted to a conversation between Superman and less overt sovereignty figure Lois Lane, taking place on the golden sphere of the Daily Planet rather then in the sky above Paradise. Invariably with Wonder Woman everything she says is True.
Speaking of Divine Messages and Truth Speaking, the Flash interrupts the Walter Cronkite show to make an announcement to America.
And he closes with Murrow's tag line, which I find very interesting given the inclusion of Murrow earlier in the issue, where he does not speak the famous phrase. Learning about this treatment of the Flash, along with the murder of John Henry, causes John Jones to decide to attempt to leave the Earth by stowing away on the Mars Mission. He has come to love the Earth, but is growing increasingly distressed by how humans treat those that don't conform to the norms. He has one last business to attend to and asks Jim Gordon to use his Batsignal to summon Batman, whom he directs to his case files related to the matter of the Centre.
Amongst the material Jones has gathered are stories on Dinosaur Island, the death of Task Force X member Hugh Evans, and a report on Arkham Asylum psychological patient Adam Strange, whose travels by light beam to the planet Rann are described as a paranoid fantasy (reminiscent of "Twelve Monkeys"). He also has a copy of the last book of a popular children's author who committed suicide called "The King of Monster Island". The author's name, Theodore Smiesel, is an obvious allusion to Theodore Seuss Geisel, while the book's title references Maurice Sendak's "Where The Wild Things Are", showing how pervasive the device of a Monster Island really is. Realizing he is out of his depth, Batman calls an unidentified contact and arranges a meeting at the regular time and place, same Bat Time, same Bat Channel.
Chapter Nine - "The Flying Cloud"
At Ferris Aircraft Flag, Grace and Bright prepare for take off. Hal Jordan has been moved to the mission control team. Also working on the project is Dr. Will Magnus, yet another Kanigher creation. With blast off moments away, King Faraday spots J'onn J'onnzz on a security monitor and goes to apprehend the Martian. J'onn easily overpowers Faraday, but with five seconds to launch, he sacrifices his chance to return to his home in order to save Faraday's life. Proximity to the fire causes J'onn to fall unconscious and he's captured by Argent. Asked by Faraday why he saved him, J'onn explains that he is no murderer and allowing another life form to die would have diminished him. Further, he saw into Faraday's mind and realized the man is not evil, that Faraday believes in an attainable better tomorrow when his Draconian tactics will no longer be necessary, giving J'onn new hope for humankind. For me as a reader, it is still a bit of an ends justify the means philosophy, no?
The conversation is interrupted by an alert from the Flying Cloud mission. Jess Bright cracked up and tried to destroy the rocket, crippling the ship and jettisoning himself into space in the process. Flag and Grace are safe in the forward hatch but the situation is critical, they lack power and fuel and are caught in a deteriorating orbit towards the Earth. Seeing his end is imminent, Flag makes a confession to Jordan, informing him that he was one of four pilots who got their start in Chuck Yeager's squad during WWII. The others were Ace Morgan, King Faraday and Martin Jordan, Hal's father. During the Korean War, Ace Morgan pulled strings to keep watch over Hal. Flag states he removed Hal from the Flying Cloud mission for the same reason, to keep Hal safe, because the rocket to Mars carries a dangerous cargo, biological and chemical weapons and an atomic bomb (shown in the animation, the spitting image of the Fat Man bomb) in case the Martians proved hostile. The flight now crippled, they have no choice but to self destruct to protect the Earth.
The Challengers of the Unknown, including Ace Morgan, have a different plan, and they radio Hal to inform him of their rescue mission as they launch their own high altitude aircraft from Challenger Mountain.
Which we can easily see is a Golden Triangle. Faraday orders the Challengers not to intercede but they ignore him. Faraday has no choice but to call in "the big guy". King radios "Bishop Six", Superman, who is occupied fighting a giant robot in Tokyo Bay. In orbit, the Challengers fire Rocky and Red in torpedoes to latch onto the Flying Cloud and stabilize her roll. Superman finally gets a chance to respond to Faraday's alert. Flag has a vision of the life he and Grace may have had under normal circumstances, then they self destruct the ship. Superman arrives in time to rescue Rocky and Red, though both sustain serious injuries, Red losing an eye, an adaptation of his history from the Challenger series.
Shortly afterward , following the funeral, Hal sits pensively in a flight simulator unit at Ferris. He's startled by a flash of Green Light. In her office Carol is alerted to a disturbance in the simulator room. This is the Initiation to the truly higher level for Hal Jordan we've been waiting for. Note the eight-spoked wheel worked into this image.
One of the most notable adaptations between comic and cartoon is that in the latter there is a much down-played use of Task Force X and the Challengers. In the cartoon then Hal is kept on the Mars Mission, and he and Flag are the only ones on the flight. When the Flying Cloud's systems fail he and Flag end up in a physical confrontation that results in Hal being thrown out of the craft and rescued by Superman prior to Flag self-destructing.
Issue #5 - "My Greatest Adventure"
Chapter Ten - "S.O.S. Green Lantern"
Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen visit Challenger Mountain to interview the team of adventurers. Hal calls Ace but can't find a way to describe what has happened to him, how to explain the Green Ring and Lantern he now has in his possession. He walks back into the desert to the crash site of the flight simulator, and buries a red alien.
In flashback we see how this alien, Green Lantern Abin Sur, was traveling to Earth on a vital mission, but as he approached the atmosphere he was caught in an explosion containing too much Yellow energy for his Ring to handle, the explosion of the Flying Cloud. Abin Sur was fatally wounded by the explosion, and so it was necessary to locate a worthy candidate as a successor as Green Lantern of his Sector. The Ring, capable of enacting its user's Will, save for the limitation regarding Yellow spectrum energy, is such a powerful device that only the rarest of entities are worthy of wielding it. Hal Jordan, with his high regard for all life and total absence of fear, is ideal for the role of cosmic super-cop.
Abin Sur tells Hal about the Green Lantern, a battery of power connected to an infinite energy source with which Hal must charge the ring once per day. Fading quickly, Abin Sur tells Hal that he will be contacted via the Lantern soon and all will be explained.
The esoteric significance of a Green Lantern practically goes without saying. The Lantern is a clear Illumination indicator, a sophisticated Torch. Amongst the symbolic connotations of the color Green is the Green Language, the Initiate's cant, spoken cabala, Language of the Birds. I do not think that this in any way contradicts the account of the creation of the original Golden Age version of the character by Bill Finger and Martin Nodell. Inspired by a green lantern used as a traffic signal for trains and the story of Aladdin, a green meteor fell from the sky in ancient China and was carved into a magic lantern containing the sentient Green Flame of Life.
Hal immediately puts the ring to the test, using it to fly, without a craft, the way that is only possible in dreams. Hal wonders at the chain of events and trials that brought him to this "glorious new destiny". He attempts to fulfill his ultimate dream and fly to the stars, but he is stopped by the Guardians, this level of initiation still denied to him.
Returning to the site, he realizes the complications he will face trying to explain what has taken place. As Ferris must already be searching for him, he decides to bury the entire site. Willing this, he is still shocked when he is able to lift and move a mountain. The responsibility of managing the near limitless power overwhelms him.
At Challenger Mountain, June introduces Lois and Jimmy to Professor Haley. Haley is studying tissue samples from the prehistoric creatures appearing with greater frequency along both coasts and has discovered the DNA is Terran but "loaded with code exclusive to them". The interview is cut short by a National Security Alert, another dinosaur, this time at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Chapter Eleven- "Towards The Centre"
At the Daily Planet in Metropolis, Clark Kent uses his Super Vision to examine microfilm of materials related to J'onn's investigation of the Centre, including the pages from the children's book "The King of Monster Island". The story describes a primordial life form that lived for thousands of years until the asteroid strike that killed the dinosaurs. As the dinosaurs were the source of food for the vast creature it established itself as an environment to sustain prehistoric flora and fauna, and found seclusion for its ecosystem in the middle of the ocean, far removed from the life that continued to develop, eventually giving rise to humans. It observed as in, relatively, short time this new species proliferated in numbers and destructive potential, ultimately harnessing the "most destructive force", the atomic bomb. This caused the Centre to reach the decision to leave the Earth in order to explore and conquer other worlds. To this end the book states the Centre will send out an emissary to locate "the rich energies" it would need to leave, beside which is an illustration of a dragon-like form. In the animation the content of this book is presented at the beginning of the film.
Superman flies to Gotham City to meet with Batman, the source of the microfilm.
Prior to this point we have been led to believe there was antagonism between Batman and Superman, the former a vigilante fugitive holding off the latter with a sliver of Kryptonite. Now we learn that, continuing the model of "The Dark Knight Returns", this was a ruse set up by the two allowing Batman to escape persecution and unmasking. The Centre is a problem too big for Batman to handle alone. Superman notes the costume change and Batman taking on a kid sidekick. Batman explains that he set out to frighten criminals, not children, recalling the event in Issue #1 where he frightened the boy he rescued from the cult. He explains his relationship with Robin as "two lost souls who found each other". In the cartoon Batman is voiced by Jeremy Sisto, who played Jesus in a 1999 tv-movie and whom I know best as the mentally ill Billy Chenowith from "Six Feet Under". In the comic this is the last we see of Batman as a major player in this story, but his role is expanded for the cartoon. Introducing Robin in 1959 is of course a modification on Cooke's part, as the character first joined Batman in 1940.
On Paradise Island Wonder Woman is playfully sparring with a fellow Amazon when a dark shadow falls across the island. At Nellis, Faraday and J'onn J'onzz play a game of chess. J'onn tells Faraday they need to prepare for the "coming menace". The Challengers, Lois and Jimmy reach Cape Canaveral and find a massive pterodactyl/dragon-like creature perched on tanks of rocket fuel. Ace is radioed by Air Force Captain Nathaniel Adam, who warns the Challengers to clear the area and allow "Bishop Six" to handle the situation. Superman flies in and with a length of steel cable quickly subdues and binds the monster.
Somewhere in the Atlantic Aquaman swims in front of "the largest army in the world", composed of course of fish and other sea creatures, as he muses over an Atlantean nursery rhyme about "The Centre" used to frighten children into behaving. While he and his undersea kingdom are not directly in danger from the Centre, it is still a threat so vast it could destroy half of his birth-right (the Oceans).
Chapter Twelve - "The War That Time Forgot"
At Cape Canaveral Captain Adam tells Ace about "something big" about 700 miles off shore. The giant pterodactyl is dead, but still emits a buzzing sound heard more inside then outside the head. Over this they detect a new sound, which Superman identifies as a P-51 Mustang prop plane. It is Wonder Woman, and since her plane is invisible we can see that the cockpit is full of blood. She crash lands and Superman pulls her out of the wreckage.
Out over the Pacific, Challenger Red Ryan tries to locate Dinosaur Island with no success, the island is gone. Lois and Jimmy have managed to get on board the Air Force recon chopper and she broadcasts what they find, the big entity offshore.
It is the Centre, and as "The King of Monster Island" described, the Centre is Dinosaur Island, a living organism so large as to be mistaken for a land mass. Cooke's design for the Centre presents no ambiguity in its representation of atomic war, an Earth-born menace of mass destruction coming from the center of a split atom. Interesting here to me, as Cooke is using the Centre as an agent of Age Shift, is the high similarity to the Living Island Krakoa, from "Giant Size X-Men" #1 from 1975. This was the issue that introduced the "New" X-Men, and as such can be read as one of the key indicators of the beginning of the Bronze Age of comics.
Lois Lane characterizes the scene as "Biblical", describing the Centre as a giant reptilian creature of staggering size, at least 25 miles across, its surface teaming with smaller lifeforms. The ports positioned at various points of its surface both discharge massive amounts of raw energy and also pull material in, consuming everything in its path.
Chapter Thirteen - "Danger Is Our Business"
In Central City, Barry Allen and Iris West watch Lois' news report. The Flash has retired, but this is a menace he can't ignore. He tells Iris he has a confession to make, but she tells him she already knows he's the Flash and that he must use his gift to help. At Nellis, Faraday asks J'onn to join him in the counter attack. J'onn no longer wishes to pose as human, but realizes his natural form is too frightening for humans. To this end he's devises a hybrid-form.
Hysteria breaks out nation wide in the face of the menace of the Centre, and we see heroes such as Green Arrow, The Sea Devils and The Blackhawks doing what they can to help. Hal Jordan has holed up at a Motel in California, waiting for the instructions he's supposed to receive on operating the Ring. He watches the news about the Centre, and delivers one of my favorite lines of dialog from the story, "Green men, red men, magic rings, monsters, Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen in a helicopter...I'm beginning to wonder if the entire last week is some kind of wild hallucination I've been having". Coming quite close to a statement describing comic book tropisms as being allegorical in nature, which of course they are.
Hal deduces that the Centre must be the threat Abin Sur was coming to Earth to deal with and decides he must take action. Still, he is reluctant to utilize the Ring, so he returns to Ferris to appropriate a flying-saucer-like prototype aircraft.
Cooke describes the design of this craft as a tribute to the work of comic book and cartoon pioneer Alex Toth.
Chapter Fourteen - "The Boy Scout's Last"
Wonder Woman comes to and describes the Centre's attack on Paradise Island.
This need for leadership is immediately attested to as the gathered service men and masked vigilantes bicker with one another and nearly come to blows, until Superman reminds them all of their higher purpose.
The promise of this inspiration, however, is cut short.
While scouting the Centre Superman is attacked and caught in the energy blast of its vast Eye. His burning body falls into the ocean (as the Sun Sets). Of course we as readers know that Superman will rise again, but to the gathered heroes this appears to be the Death of Superman.
Issue #6 - "Justice League of America"
Having already disclosed my favorite line and my favorite panel of the story, we now have my favorite scene. Responding to a summons by the Phantom Stranger, supernatural heroes Doctor Fate and The Spectre attend a banquet on the Moon.
Already present are Zatanna and Billy Batson. The purpose of this scene is to explain why the occult based heroes of the DC Universe do not participate in the battle against the Centre, essentially for the same reason Superman was taken out of action at the end of Issue #5, in order for the more mortal heroes to rescue themselves. What's really great here though is the visually overt but otherwise unmentioned alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon as this cosmic conference takes place.
Notably we find this same, literal indicator of astronomical Age Shift utilized in Alex Ross' "Kingdom Come" during a similar congress of greater powers, and repeatedly in "2001: A Space Odyssey", every time the Monitor appears (and any story where an eclipse plays a part, usually we lack this vantage point). Note too the use of the lunar setting for the Monolith in "2001" and here in "The New Frontier".
Chapter Fifteen - "Shall Earth Endure?"
Lois breaks down while televising a eulogy for Superman. In Gotham City, Adam Strange is released from Arkham Asylum .
Before heading to Cape Canaveral Strange stops in Indiana to pick up scientist Ray Palmer. The prototype aircraft Hal appropriated from Ferris proves to be unreliable and he crashes it in a corn field in Arkansas. He summons the Lantern (described as being "ever present") and charges his ring for the first time. He then uses the Ring to power the aircraft, but restricts it to this purpose alone. Adam Strange and Ray Palmer reach Cape Canaveral and meet with the gathered scientists and decision makers, including the Chief, Niles Caulder, from the Doom Patrol. Magnus and Haley recognize Palmer, and are familiar with his breakthroughs in matter redution utilizing a lens made from matter from a white dwarf star. The shrunken material, however, becomes unstable and explodes shortly after shrinking.
Chapter Sixteen - "The Dawn Patrol"
A mission briefing is held for all the gathered heroes delineating the plan of attack against the Centre. The planes will attack as a diversion, with the (Horus resonant) Blackhawks attacking "out of the sun". With luck a couple of bombers will get inside the Centre with atomic bombs and hopefully do it some damage.
Stage Two, the real attack, involves the Flash racing across the surface of the Centre with Palmer's shrinking ray in order to expose the entirety of the massive entity to the ray's effects. Faraday then tells them that J'onn J'onzz has determined that the Centre is seeking Cape Canaveral's supply of rocket fuel as a means of escaping the planet and fulfilling its intent to eradicate the human race. Hal Jordan arrives just in time to join the mission. Amongst the pilots is one named Trainor, the future Negative Man of the Doom Patrol. From his Arrowjet, the Green Arrow notices the odd behavior of the sea life, apparently swimming in a way to counter the turbulence caused by the Centre. Absent in the comics but present in the cartoon (and given Adam Strange's breakthrough of using Ray Palmer's machine) is Batman piloting the Batplane.
As the planes lift off the pterodactyl's body erupts into hundreds of bizarre monsters that immediately attack. Wonder Woman enters the battle just in time to save Jimmy Olsen from a T-Rex. Sensitive J'onn J'onzz is overcome by the Centre's telepathic assault, and he shape-shifts into a saurian form. Somehow King (perhaps psychic himself?) is able to draw the essence out of the Martian Manhunter, dying in the process, apparently from an energy overload, burning him from the inside out. This final step of his initiation sends the thus far passive J'onn J'onzz into a violent rage, and we finally see the warrior side of this Man from Mars. This is altered for the cartoon, as Faraday is given Johnny Cloud's kamikaze leap into the monster's mouth from issue one.
Ace, Captain Adam and Hal manage to fly inside the Centre, and discover it is much, much larger on the inside then the outside, containing a Secret Sun and entire solar system.
They enter into a psychedelic space, perhaps suggestive of the mind altering experimentations of the pending decade (the '60s) as well as being another "2001" moment, similar to the experience of Dave Bowman when he enters the Monolith. Notice the flaming baseball on Hal's flight helmet? His pilot code name is "Highball", perhaps itself a pun regarding stellar generation.
Chapter Seventeen - "The Pure Rugged"
As they trip hard inside the Centre, Ace and Captain Adam's planes become coated with a cloying, red substance (which Hal avoids due to the Ring). Their mechanisms jammed, they lose all visibility and control of their flights. Hal's consciousness shatters like crystal and he sees his life flash before his eyes. Hal's indomitable Will kicks in and activates the Ring to full functioning. He flies free as Green Lantern as his ship is destroyed.
The Ring pierces all illusions and he realizes their psychedelic experiences are another telepathic attack by the Centre. Ace and Adam decide to detonate their bombs and complete their mission. Green Lantern is too late to rescue Captain Adam, but he grabs Ace and the two escape in the nick of time. Although he does not appear again in the story, given his death by atomic explosion, readers can assume this is Cooke's version of the event that transforms Captain Adam into Captain Atom (the character that most directly informs "Watchmen's" Doctor Manhattan). The pilots work is done, and now it is the Flash's turn.
He describes it as Hell on Earth, and indeed this is a very sci-fi depiction of Hermes in the Underworld. The plan works and the Centre is shrunk down considerably and about to explode. To the big brains gathered at Cape Canaveral, however, it appears the creature's forward momentum might bring it ashore before it does so. Green Lantern tries to scoop the Centre up, but it is still quite massive and he strains at the effort. In that instant he receives contact and instantaneous instruction from the Guardians of the Universe, the final step of the Green Lantern's initiation process.
Fully enlightened now, he effortlessly contains the exploding creature and hurls it into outer space. His access to the stars no longer denied to him, Green Lantern immediately sets off for a tour of his "beat", space sector 2814.
Meanwhile, at Cape Canaveral, an alien looking submarine emerges from the water. It opens like a shell, its interior shining as brightly as the sun. Two figures emerge.
The Sun also Rises. In the commentary Cooke notes his delight at being able to unite the concepts of Superman, Atlantis and King Arthur in a single panel. Following this is an epilogue displaying images from the following decade set to the famous JFK New Frontier speech from the 1960 Democratic National Convention. The final image of the series, described as being Cooke's intended end point from the outset, is a recreation of the cover of "The Brave and the Bold" #28, published in 1960, the first appearance of the Justice League of America in battle with Starro the Conqueror.
Noting the similar natures of Starro and the Centre, Cooke depicted a piece of the Centre thrown into space by the Green Lantern as star shaped, leaving open the suggestion that a portion of the creature survived and mutated into the JLA's first official foe. It likely comes as no surprise that I see a tetramorph in this image, five acting as one to maintain order, Earth (Wonder Woman), Air (the Martian Manhunter), Fire (the Flash), Water (Aquaman) and Ether (Green Lantern).
And as this is a story about Age Shift, from Gold to Silver, I find it very interesting how the Centre bears such striking similarity to the hoax devised by Ozymandius in "Watchmen" in order to unite the world against a common enemy before the Cold War erupted into nuclear destruction. "Watchmen" was released at the crux point between comics' Bronze and (long, dark, still ongoing) Iron Age, and presents an apt, cynical, world-weary view of the reality (rather the lack of reality) of super heroes, and the price that must be paid to maintain the status quo. But here in "The New Frontier" the monster was legitimate, and we're allowed, if just for a moment, to return to a bygone state of innocence, to believe in magic rings, men who fly and the promise of tomorrow. I should note that Cooke stated he intended the Centre to be an analogy of Communism, though as large a concept and appropriate as it may be, I feel the connotations run much deeper then that. I'll close by stating that Wonder Woman is correct. In America we don't need another administration. We need a leader. We need someone who will tell the truth, even when that truth is hard realities about ourselves. We're well past overdue.
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